Handheld fiber laser marking machines are compact, portable devices used for engraving or marking various materials. They utilize a fiber laser source and consist of several key components made from specific materials. Here are the main materials used in their construction:
1. Laser Source Components
Fiber Laser Cavity: Made of doped optical fibers (usually ytterbium-doped) that generate the laser beam.
Pump Diodes: Semiconductor diodes (often made from gallium arsenide (GaAs)) that excite the fiber to produce laser light.
Optical Components:
Mirrors & Lenses: Coated glass (e.g., fused silica, zinc selenide (ZnSe)) for beam shaping and focusing.
Beam Expander: Aluminum housing with precision lenses.
2. Handheld Unit & Housing
Body Frame: Typically made of aluminum alloy (lightweight and durable) or high-strength plastic (for weight reduction).
Protective Casing: Often ABS plastic or stainless steel for impact resistance.
Heat Sink: Aluminum fins or copper to dissipate heat from the laser module.
3. Marking Head & Optics
Focusing Lens: ZnSe (zinc selenide) or Germanium (Ge) for infrared laser transmission.
Nozzle Tip: Stainless steel or ceramic to protect the lens from debris.
Galvanometer (Galvo) Scanner: Contains mirrors (silicon or gold-coated glass) and motors for beam steering.
4. Cooling System
Air Cooling: Aluminum heat sinks and fans (no liquid cooling due to portability).
Thermal Paste: Silicone or metal-based compounds for heat transfer.
5. Power & Electronics
Circuit Boards: FR-4 fiberglass PCB with copper traces.
Battery (if cordless): Lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells for portable operation.
Wiring & Connectors: Copper wires with protective silicone or PVC insulation.
6. Additional Accessories
Protective Eyewear: Polycarbonate lenses with IR filters for laser safety.
Marking Surface (if included): Stainless steel or anodized aluminum worktable.
Why These Materials?
Durability: Aluminum and stainless steel resist wear and heat.
Heat Dissipation: Copper and aluminum manage thermal loads.
Precision Optics: ZnSe and fused silica ensure high laser transmission.
Portability: Lightweight plastics and alloys make handheld use feasible.
