What are the Parameters of the Fiber Laser Marking Process
The parameters of the fiber laser marking process are critical for achieving precise and high-quality marks on various materials. These parameters can be adjusted depending on the material being marked, the desired mark quality, and the specific application. Below are the key parameters:
1. Laser Power
Determines the intensity of the laser beam.
Higher power is used for deeper or faster marking, while lower power is suitable for fine or surface-level marks.
Typically measured in watts (W).
2. Marking Speed
Refers to the speed at which the laser beam moves across the material.
Faster speeds result in lighter marks, while slower speeds produce deeper or darker marks.
Measured in millimeters per second (mm/s) or inches per second (in/s).
3. Frequency (Pulse Rate)
The number of laser pulses per second, measured in kilohertz (kHz).
Higher frequencies are used for fine details and smoother marks, while lower frequencies are better for deeper engraving.
Adjusting frequency can also affect the heat input and material interaction.
4. Filling Density (Hatch Spacing)
The spacing between laser scan lines during marking.
Closer spacing results in denser and darker marks, while wider spacing creates lighter marks.
Measured in millimeters (mm) or as a percentage of overlap.
5. Spot Size
The diameter of the laser beam focused on the material.
Smaller spot sizes are used for fine details, while larger spot sizes cover more area but with less precision.
Controlled by the focal length of the lens.
6. Pulse Width
The duration of each laser pulse, measured in nanoseconds (ns) or microseconds (µs).
Shorter pulse widths are used for precise, low-heat marks, while longer pulse widths are better for deeper engraving.
7. Focal Length
The distance between the laser lens and the material surface.
Affects the spot size and marking precision.
Shorter focal lengths provide finer details, while longer focal lengths are better for larger areas.
8. Material Type
Different materials (e.g., metals, plastics, ceramics) require specific parameter adjustments.
Material properties like reflectivity, thermal conductivity, and hardness influence the marking process.
9. Marking Depth
The depth of the mark, which depends on laser power, speed, and number of passes.
Deeper marks require higher power, slower speeds, or multiple passes.
10. Assist Gas (if applicable)
Some systems use assist gases (e.g., air, nitrogen, argon) to improve marking quality or prevent oxidation.
The type and pressure of the gas can affect the marking result.
11. Number of Passes
The number of times the laser passes over the same area.
Multiple passes can increase mark depth or darkness but may also increase processing time.
12. Environmental Conditions
Temperature, humidity, and cleanliness of the workspace can influence the marking process.
13. Software Settings
The design file resolution, vector vs. raster marking, and other software parameters can impact the final result.
