What Materials Are Used in Laser Welding

Laser welding uses a high-energy laser beam to join materials, and the process is compatible with a variety of metals and some non-metals. The choice of material depends on the laser type, power, and application requirements. Here are the most commonly used materials in laser welding:

1. Metals

• Steels

• Carbon steel

• Stainless steel (Austenitic, Martensitic, Ferritic)

• Tool steel

• High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel

• Aluminum & Its Alloys

• Pure aluminum (requires high-power lasers due to high reflectivity)

• Aluminum alloys (e.g., 5000 & 6000 series)

• Titanium & Its Alloys

• Commonly used in aerospace and medical implants (requires shielding gas to prevent oxidation).

• Copper & Brass

• Challenging due to high thermal conductivity and reflectivity (fiber lasers are preferred).

• Nickel Alloys

• Inconel, Hastelloy (used in high-temperature applications).

• Magnesium Alloys

• Lightweight but flammable (requires controlled atmosphere).

• Precious Metals

• Gold, silver, platinum (used in jewelry and electronics).

2. Plastics (Limited Applications)

• Thermoplastics (e.g., polycarbonate, ABS, polyethylene)

• Requires transparent/absorbent layer combinations for transmission welding.

3. Dissimilar Materials (Selective Combinations)

• Steel to aluminum (with interlayers)

• Copper to stainless steel

Key Considerations:

• Reflectivity: Metals like copper and aluminum require high-power lasers (e.g., fiber lasers).

• Thermal Conductivity: Affects heat dissipation and weld quality.

• Oxidation Sensitivity: Titanium and magnesium need inert gas shielding (Argon/Nitrogen).

Laser welding is versatile but requires precise control over parameters (power, speed, focal point) for optimal results. Let me know if you need details on a specific material!