Small Continuous Laser Cleaning Machine: Working Efficiency and Principles
1. Working Principle
Laser cleaning is a non-contact, eco-friendly method that uses high-energy laser pulses to remove contaminants (rust, paint, oil, oxides, etc.) from surfaces without damaging the substrate.
Key Processes:
Laser Absorption: The laser beam is absorbed by the contaminant layer, causing rapid heating.
Vaporization/Ablation: Contaminants evaporate or are ejected as plasma due to thermal expansion.
Minimal Substrate Impact: The underlying material remains unaffected if the laser parameters (wavelength, power, pulse duration) are properly set.
Types of Lasers Used:
Fiber Lasers (common in small machines): High efficiency, compact, 1064 nm wavelength.
Pulsed or Continuous-Wave (CW) Lasers: CW lasers provide steady cleaning, while pulsed lasers offer controlled ablation.
2. Working Efficiency
The efficiency of a small continuous laser cleaning machine depends on several factors:
a) Cleaning Speed:
Typically 0.5–10 m²/h (varies with laser power, dirt type, and desired cleanliness).
Higher power (e.g., 200W–500W) increases speed but may raise costs.
b) Laser Power:
50W–500W for small machines (higher power = faster cleaning).
Lower power (50W–100W) is suitable for delicate surfaces (e.g., electronics, cultural relics).
c) Surface Material & Contaminant Type:
Easy to Remove: Dust, light rust (faster cleaning).
Hard to Remove: Thick paint, heavy oxidation (slower, may require multiple passes).
d) Automation & Scanning System:
Manual vs. Robotic Arm: Automated systems improve consistency and speed.
Galvo Scanners: High-speed laser scanning for precision cleaning.
e) Energy Efficiency:
Fiber lasers convert ~30–50% of electrical energy into laser light, reducing operational costs compared to sandblasting or chemical cleaning.
3. Advantages Over Traditional Methods
Non-abrasive: No damage to the base material.
Eco-friendly: No chemicals or media (like sand or water).
Precision: Can clean intricate patterns without masking.
Low Maintenance: No consumables (except electricity and occasional lens cleaning).
4. Applications
Electronics: PCB cleaning, solder removal.
Automotive: Paint stripping, rust removal.
Aerospace: Coating removal, pre-weld cleaning.
Cultural Heritage: Gentle restoration of artifacts.
5. Limitations
High Initial Cost: More expensive than sandblasting machines.
Reflective Materials: Metals like copper and aluminum may require adjusted settings.
Safety Measures: Requires protective eyewear and proper ventilation for fumes.
